Linear position sensing components

ABSTRACT

Methods, apparatuses and systems for providing a position sensing component are disclosed herein. An example position sensing component may comprise: a sensing coil; a moveable core disposed within the sensing coil; an oscillator circuit; and a feedback control circuit coupled to the oscillator circuit, wherein the position sensing component is configured to: maintain a fixed amplitude voltage in response to a variable current signal provided by the oscillator circuit in conjunction with the feedback control circuit, and generate an oscillator circuit output signal that is linearly proportional to a position of the moveable core with respect to the sensing coil.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/197,847, filed Mar. 10, 2021, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Position sensing components (e.g., position sensors, proximity switches,and/or the like) may be used in a variety of applications to detect anabsolute or relative position (e.g., when a component is within apredetermined distance of a reference location). Many position sensingcomponents are plagued by technical challenges and limitations.

Through applied effort, ingenuity, and innovation, many of theseidentified problems have been solved by developing solutions that areincluded in embodiments of the present disclosure, many examples ofwhich are described in detail herein.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Various embodiments described herein relate to position sensing methods,apparatuses, and systems.

In accordance with various examples of the present disclosure, aposition sensing component is provided. The position sensing componentmay comprise a sensing coil; a moveable core disposed within the sensingcoil; an oscillator circuit; and a feedback control circuit coupled tothe oscillator circuit, wherein the position sensing component isconfigured to: maintain a fixed amplitude voltage in response to avariable current signal provided by the oscillator circuit inconjunction with the feedback control circuit, and generate anoscillator output signal that is linearly proportional to a position ofthe moveable core with respect to the sensing coil.

In accordance with various examples of the present disclosure, a methodfor measuring a position of a moveable core with respect to a sensingcoil is provided. The method may comprise: providing, by an oscillatorcircuit in conjunction with a feedback control circuit, a variablecurrent signal; maintaining, by the sensing coil, a fixed amplitudevoltage in response to the variable current signal; and generating, bythe oscillator circuit, an oscillator output signal that is linearlyproportional to a position of the moveable core with respect to thesensing coil.

The foregoing illustrative summary, as well as other exemplaryobjectives and/or advantages of the disclosure, and the manner in whichthe same are accomplished, are further explained in the followingdetailed description and its accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The description of the illustrative embodiments may be read inconjunction with the accompanying figures. It will be appreciated that,for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale, unless describedotherwise. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may beexaggerated relative to other elements, unless described otherwise.Embodiments incorporating teachings of the present disclosure are shownand described with respect to the figures presented herein, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example position sensing component in accordancewith various embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2A illustrates an example cross-sectional view of an exampleposition sensing component in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2B illustrates an example cross-sectional view of an exampleposition sensing component in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example schematic block diagram depicting anexample position sensing component in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic circuit diagram in accordancewith various embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example controller component in electroniccommunication with an example position sensing component in accordancewith various embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a graphical representation depicting experimentalresults in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Some embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described morefully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichsome, but not all embodiments of the disclosure are shown. Indeed, thesedisclosures may be embodied in many different forms and should not beconstrued as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, theseembodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicablelegal requirements. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

The components illustrated in the figures represent components that mayor may not be present in various embodiments of the present disclosuredescribed herein such that embodiments may include fewer or morecomponents than those shown in the figures while not departing from thescope of the present disclosure. Some components may be omitted from oneor more figures or shown in dashed line for visibility of the underlyingcomponents.

The phrases “in an example embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “variousembodiments,” and the like generally mean that the particular feature,structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in atleast one embodiment of the present disclosure, and may be included inmore than one embodiment of the present disclosure (importantly, suchphrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment).

The word “example” or “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as anexample, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described hereinas “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other implementations.

If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,”“could,” “should,” “would,” “preferably,” “possibly,” “typically,”“optionally,” “for example,” “often,” or “might” (or other suchlanguage) be included or have a characteristic, that a specificcomponent or feature is not required to be included or to have thecharacteristic. Such components or features may be optionally includedin some embodiments, or may be excluded.

The terms “electronically coupled” or “in electronic communication with”in the present disclosure refer to two or more electrical elements (forexample, but not limited to, an example processing circuitry,communication module, input/output module, memory, flame detectingcomponent) and/or electric circuit(s) being connected through wiredmeans (for example but not limited to, conductive wires or traces)and/or wireless means (for example but not limited to, wireless network,electromagnetic field), such that data and/or information (for example,electronic indications, signals) may be transmitted to and/or receivedfrom the electrical elements and/or electric circuit(s) that areelectronically coupled.

The term “position sensing component” may refer to a device that isconfigured to measure a mechanical position. In various examples, aposition sensing component may be configured to detect an absoluteposition (e.g., a location or presence of an object) or a relativeposition (e.g., a displacement of an object from a reference point).Position sensing components may be utilized in a variety of applications(e.g., electromechanical applications, automotive, aerospace, and/or thelike). By way of example, position sensing components may be utilized todetermine whether or not at least a portion of the example system shouldbe enabled or disabled based on being within or outside a predetermineddistance of a reference location. In various examples, position sensingcomponents may be configured to generate an electrical signal/outputindicative of a position or linear displacement with respect to areference point. In one example, a linear variable differentialtransformer (LVDT) is an electromagnetic transducer that can convert themotion of an object that is coupled mechanically thereto into acorresponding electrical signal/output. In another example, aHall-effect sensor can detect a magnitude of an electric field andgenerate an electrical signal/output proportional to the strength of themagnetic field.

Traditionally, a braking system may utilize a metal pin (e.g., cylinder,rod, and/or the like) as a position sensing component. The example metalpin may be disposed adjacent a surface of a braking mechanism such thatthe example metal pin is physically displaced with respect to thebraking mechanism as a result of wearing over time (e.g., as the pinretreats into the braking mechanism). In such examples, a condition ofthe braking system is usually determined by visually monitoring andinspecting the displacement/position of the metal pin. In such cases, itmay not be possible to remotely/automatically monitor the condition ofthe braking system over time.

In general, existing position sensing components (e.g., LVDTs andHall-effect sensors) may not be suitable for implementation in a varietyof applications with harsh environments (e.g., dirty and/orhigh-vibrational environments, including the braking system describedabove). For example, existing position sensing components may comprisecomplex circuitry and/or elements that are not suitable for such harshenvironments and may be difficult or expensive to implement. Further,existing example position sensing components do not provide aninherently linear output and cannot easily be configured to provide datain a useable form. For example, a DC input/DC output may be required forproviding data/information via electrical signals/outputs.

By way of example, an LVDT, in some examples, may comprise a complexconfiguration of three electrical coils. Additionally, due to its nativeAC input/AC output and high current draw characteristics, the exampleLVDT may require a significant amount of additional circuitry in orderto provide data in a useable form. Such additional circuitry may not besuitable for harsh environments. Further, existing position sensingcomponents (e.g., proximity switches) are only capable of provide anon-linear output over a very small distance (e.g., 3-5 mm). In anotherexample, an example Hall-effect sensor may not suitable for theaforementioned harsh environments due to the presence of permanentmagnet(s). For instance, if implemented in the braking system discussedabove, the example Hall-effect sensor may collect additional ferrousmaterial as the brakes wear over time, adversely affecting theperformance of the sensor.

In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure,example methods, apparatuses and systems are provided.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure may provide a positionsensing component. The example position sensing component may comprise asensing coil, a moveable core disposed within the sensing coil, anoscillator circuit and a feedback control circuit coupled to theoscillator circuit. The position sensing component may be configured tomaintain a fixed amplitude voltage in response to a variable currentsignal provided by the oscillator circuit in conjunction with thefeedback control circuit, and generate an oscillator output signal thatis linearly proportional to a position of the moveable core with respectto the sensing coil. In some examples, the position sensing componentmay further comprise a health monitoring circuit configured to providean oscillator output status signal. In some examples, the oscillatoroutput signal is further linearized by passing the oscillator outputsignal through a linearization circuit. In some examples, the positionsensing component, the linearization circuit comprises a low-pass filterand an amplifier circuit. In some examples, the linearization circuitfurther comprises temperature compensation. In some examples, theoscillator circuit may comprise a modified Colpitts oscillator. In someexamples, the health monitoring circuit may comprise ametal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switch. Insome examples, the position sensing component may comprise a DC input/DCoutput. In some examples, the position sensing component may beoperatively coupled with a controller component. In some examples, theoscillator status output signal may be transmitted to the controllercomponent. In some examples, the position sensing component may comprisean Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).

Using the apparatuses and techniques of the present disclosure, a robustposition sensing component that is suited, in some examples, to operateefficiently in harsh environments and is capable of generating aninherently linear output signal using a DC input voltage is provided. Anexample linear position sensing component may comprise a variablereluctance coil with oscillator feedback control. Accordingly, withoutthe shortcomings associated with magnet-based and other technologiesdiscussed herein, integral health monitoring capabilities may beprovided. The example position sensing component can easily bemanufactured at a low cost in comparison to existing devices (e.g., anLVDT) and provides a more accessible interface (e.g., DC input/DCoutput) for data transmission purposes. Additionally, the exampleposition sensing component can easily be combined with anAnalog-to-Digital converter (ADC) and configured to provide a wired orwireless digital output (e.g., RS-485, BLE, and/or the like).

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram depicting an exampleposition sensing component 100 in accordance with various embodiments ofthe present disclosure is provided. In particular, as depicted, theexample position sensing component 100 comprises a housing 101, amoveable core 105 and a connecting element 103.

In various examples, as depicted in FIG. 1 , the example positionsensing component 100 comprises a housing 101. In various embodiments,the housing 101 of the position sensing component 100 may be configuredto contain one or more elements of the example position sensingcomponent 100 (e.g., an example moveable core and an example sensingcoil). In various embodiments, the one or more elements of the exampleposition sensing component may be at least partially disposed within theexample housing 101. In various embodiments, the example housing 101 maycomprise stainless steel, aluminum, or similar metals providing a robustand resilient component suitable for harsh environments.

As noted above and as depicted in FIG. 1 , the example position sensingcomponent 100 comprises a moveable core 105. As depicted, the moveablecore 105 comprises a cylindrical member (e.g., rod, pin, and/or thelike) configured to be at least partially disposed disposed within thehousing 101 of the position sensing component 100 (e.g., within thesensing coil). In various examples, the moveable core 105 may define ahollow center. In some examples, the moveable core 105 may comprise aconductive and/or ferrous material (e.g., metal) and may be any suitablelength (e.g., 1-2 inches long). In various embodiments, the moveablecore 105 may be capable of producing eddy currents to elicit a change ofinductance in an example sensing coil.

In some examples, as depicted in FIG. 1 , the example position sensingcomponent 100 comprises a connecting element 103. In various examples,the example connecting element 103 may operate to electrically connect aprocessing element/processing circuitry of the example position sensingcomponent 100 to another electrical element/component such thatdata/information can be exchanged between the example position sensingcomponent 100 and the electrical element/component. By way of example,the connecting element 103 may be utilized to connect the exampleposition sensing component 100 to an example braking mechanism/system.

While some of the embodiments herein provide an example position sensingcomponent 100, it is noted that the present disclosure is not limited tosuch embodiments. For instance, in some examples, a position sensingcomponent 100 in accordance with the present disclosure may compriseother elements, one or more additional and/or alternative elements,and/or may be structured/positioned differently than that illustrated inFIG. 1 .

Referring now to FIG. 2A, an example schematic diagram depicting anexample position sensing component 200A in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure is provided. In particular, asdepicted, the example position sensing component 200A comprises ahousing 201, a connecting element 203, a moveable core 205, a sensingcoil 209 and a processing element 207.

As depicted in FIG. 2A, the example position sensing component 200Acomprises a moveable core 205. The example moveable core 205 may be orcomprise a cylindrical member (e.g., rod, pin, and/or the like) of anylength centrally disposed within the sensing coil 209. In variousexamples, the moveable core 205 may define a hollow center. In someexamples, the moveable core 205 may comprise a conductive metal and/orferrous material. As depicted, the moveable core 205 and the sensingcoil 209 may be at least partially disposed within the housing 201 ofthe position sensing component 200A. In some examples, the housing 201of the position sensing component 200A may comprise stainless steel orthe like. The length of the example moveable core 205 (e.g., rod) may,in some examples, be the same length as the sensing coil 209. In variousexamples, as depicted, when completely disposed within the sensing coil209, the arrangement of the moveable core 205 and sensing coil 209 mayprovide a maximum inductance output.

As depicted in FIG. 2A, the example position sensing component 200Acomprises a sensing coil 209. The example sensing coil 209 may be orcomprise a solenoidal coil, a variable reluctance coil, or the like. Theexample sensing coil 209 may be or comprise an AC coil with a constantlyalternating magnetic field. Accordingly, in various examples, theexample sensing coil 209 will not accumulate ferrous materials over timeas is the case with many magnet-based technologies (e.g., Hall-effectsensors). The example sensing coil 209 may be positioned with respect tothe example moveable core 205 such that the inductance of the examplesensing coil 209 is at a maximum value when the moveable core 205 isfully engaged therein and at a minimum value when the moveable core 205is fully removed (e.g., displaced) from within the sensing coil 209. Asdepicted, the example moveable core 205 is fully engaged within thesensing coil 209. In various examples, the sensing coil 209 geometry maybe arranged as so to provide an exponential change in inductance toaccommodate a simplified oscillator and feedback control circuit. Insome examples, the sensing coil 209 may be configured such that a numberof turns is distributed evenly (e.g., across a length of a bobbin),providing a linear change in inductance corresponding to a linearmovement in the moveable core 205 (e.g., rod). The example sensing coil209 may also be configured to provide different inductance profilescorresponding to a linear movement of the moveable core 205. Thedimensions (e.g., lengths) of the sensing coil 209 and the moveable core205 may vary. In various examples, an example oscillator circuit,feedback control circuit, and position sensing component dimensions(e.g., sensing coil 209 and moveable core 205 dimensions) may bemodified to accommodate larger or smaller components/devices. In someexamples, the sensing coil 209 may feature an increased number of turnsin certain locations of the example moveable core 205 to provide anincreased sensitivity and resolution in particular areas of interest.Further, a custom sensing coil profile may be configured to produce anon-linear output corresponding to a similarly non-linear system (e.g.,in some embodiments, the moveable core 205 may be driven by a non-linearcam system).

In various embodiments, the example position sensing component 200A maycomprise one or more processing elements and/or one or more processingcircuitries configured to execute various functions of the positionsensing component 200A. For example, as depicted in FIG. 2A, the exampleposition sensing component 200A comprises a processing element 207comprising one or more circuitries. As depicted in FIG. 2A, the exampleprocessing element 207 may be or comprise a printed circuit boardassembly (PCBA). In some examples, the processing element 207 maycomprise an oscillator circuit, a feedback control circuit, a healthmonitoring circuit and/or a linearization circuit.

As depicted in FIG. 2A, the example position sensing component 200Acomprises a connecting element 203. In various examples, the exampleconnecting element 203 may operate to electrically connect a processingelement/processing circuitry (e.g., an example PCBA) of the exampleposition sensing component 200A to another electrical element/componentsuch that data/information can be exchanged between the example positionsensing component 200A and the electrical element/component. In oneexample, the connecting element 203 may be utilized to connect theexample position sensing component 200A to an example brakingmechanism/system.

Referring now to FIG. 2B, an example schematic diagram depicting anexample position sensing component 200B in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure is provided. The example positionsensing component 200B may be similar or identical to the positionsensing component 200A discussed above in connection with FIG. 2A. Inparticular, as depicted, the example position sensing component 200Bcomprises a housing 202, a connecting element 204, a moveable core 206,a processing element 208 and a sensing coil 210.

As depicted in FIG. 2B, the example position sensing component 200Bcomprises a moveable core 206. The example moveable core 206 may be orcomprise a cylindrical member (e.g., rod, pin, and/or the like) of anysuitable length centrally disposed within the sensing coil 210. Invarious examples, the moveable core 206 may define a hollow center. Invarious examples, the moveable core 206 may comprise a conductive metaland/or ferrous material. As depicted, the moveable core 206 and thesensing coil 210 may be at least partially disposed within the housing202 of the position sensing component 200B. In some examples, thehousing 202 of the position sensing component 200B may comprisestainless steel or the like. The length of the example moveable core 206(e.g., rod) may, in some examples, be the same length as the sensingcoil 210. In various examples, as depicted, when fully removed (i.e.,displaced) from within the sensing coil 210, the arrangement of themoveable core 206 and sensing coil 210 may provide a minimum inductanceoutput.

As depicted in FIG. 2B, the example position sensing component 200Bcomprises a sensing coil 210. The example sensing coil 210 may be orcomprise a solenoidal coil, a variable reluctance coil, or the like. Theexample sensing coil 210 may be or comprise an AC coil with a constantlyalternating magnetic field. The example sensing coil 210 may bepositioned with respect to the example moveable core 206 such that theinductance of the example sensing coil 210 is at a maximum value whenthe moveable core 206 is fully engaged therein and at a minimum valuewhen the moveable core 206 is fully removed (e.g., displaced) fromwithin the sensing coil 210. As depicted, the example moveable core 206is fully removed/displaced from within the example sensing coil 210. Invarious examples, the sensing coil 210 geometry may be arranged as so toprovide an exponential change in inductance to accommodate a simplifiedoscillator and feedback control circuit. As noted above, the examplesensing coil 210 may also feature an increased number of turns incertain locations of the example moveable core 205 to provide anincreased sensitivity and resolution in particular areas of interest.

In various embodiments, the example position sensing component 200B maycomprise one or more processing elements and/or one or more processingcircuitries configured to execute various functions of the positionsensing component 200B. For example, as depicted in FIG. 2B, the exampleposition sensing component 200B comprises a processing element 208comprising one or more circuitries. As further depicted in FIG. 2A, theexample processing element 207 may be or comprise a PCBA. In someexamples, the processing element 208 may comprise an oscillator circuit,a feedback control circuit, a health monitoring circuit and/or alinearization circuit.

As depicted in FIG. 2B, the example position sensing component 200Bcomprises a connecting element 204. In various examples, the exampleconnecting element 204 may operate to electrically connect a processingelement/processing circuitry of the example position sensing component200B to another electrical element/component such that data/informationcan be exchanged between the example position sensing component 200B andthe electrical element/component. In one example, the connecting element204 may be utilized to connect the example position sensing component200B to an example braking mechanism/system.

While some of the embodiments herein provide example position sensingcomponents 200A and 200B, it is noted that the present disclosure is notlimited to such embodiments. For instance, in some examples, positionsensing components 200A and 200B in accordance with the presentdisclosure may comprise other elements, one or more additional and/oralternative elements, and/or may be structured/positioned differentlythan that illustrated in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , an example schematic diagram depicting anexample position sensing component 300 in accordance with variousembodiments of the present disclosure is provided. In particular, asdepicted, the example position sensing component 300 comprises amoveable core 301, a sensing coil 302, a DC voltage supply 304, anoscillator circuit 306, a feedback control circuit 308, a healthmonitoring circuit 310 and a linearization circuit 303.

As depicted in FIG. 3 , the example position sensing component 300comprises a moveable core 301 and a sensing coil 302.

The example moveable core 301 may be or comprise a cylindrical member(e.g., rod, pin, and/or the like) of any length centrally disposedwithin the sensing coil 302. In various examples, the moveable core 301may define a hollow center. In some examples, the moveable core 301 maycomprise a conductive metal. The example sensing coil 302 may be orcomprise a solenoidal coil. The moveable core 301 and the sensing coil302 may be at least partially disposed within a housing of the positionsensing component 300. In some examples, the housing of the positionsensing component 300 may comprise stainless steel or similar metalsproviding a robust and resilient component suitable for harshenvironments.

In various examples, the sensing coil 302 may be or comprise a variablereluctance coil. The example sensing coil 302 may be or comprise an ACcoil with a constantly alternating magnetic field. Accordingly, theexample sensing coil 302 will not accumulate ferrous materials over timeas is the case with many magnet-based technologies (e.g., Hall-effectsensors). The example sensing coil 302 may be wound around the body ofthe moveable core 301 such that the inductance of the sensing coil 302is at a maximum value when the moveable core 301 is fully engagedtherein and at a minimum value when the moveable core 301 is fullyremoved (e.g., displaced) from within the sensing coil 302. By way ofexample, when implemented in a braking system, when an example metal pinis fully engaged within the coil, a maximum reluctance value isexhibited. However, as the example metal pin retreats and the sensingcoil 302 becomes exposed to air over time, the reluctance value willreduce. Accordingly, an electrical output/signal corresponding to theposition of the pin may be generated. As such, in various examples, themoveable core 301 and the sensing coil 302 may provide a variableinductor for the example oscillator circuit 306. In variousapplications, the geometry of the sensing coil 302 may be varied tolinearize the oscillator circuit output signal and/or to provide customconfigurations for specialized applications. In some examples thesensing coil 302 geometry may be arranged as so to provide anexponential change in inductance to accommodate a simplified oscillatorand feedback control circuit. The sensing coil 302 may also feature anincreased number of turns in certain locations of the moveable core 301to provide an increased sensitivity and resolution in particular areasof interest. Further, a custom coil profile may be produced to produce anon-linear output corresponding to a similarly non-linear system.

In various embodiments, as depicted, the position sensing component 300is connected to a DC voltage supply 304. In some examples, the DCvoltage supply 304 may be provided via a battery or energy harvesting.While some of the embodiments herein provide an example position sensingcomponent 300, it is noted that the present disclosure is not limited tosuch embodiments. For instance, in some examples, a wired connection maybe provided.

As depicted in FIG. 3 , the example position sensing component 300comprises an oscillator circuit 306 configured to provide an electricaloutput/signal to drive the sensing coil 302 and moveable core 301. Invarious embodiments, the example oscillator circuit 306 may provide avariable current signal to drive the sensing coil 302 in conjunctionwith moveable core 301 such that a fixed amplitude voltage across thesensing coil 302 is maintained. Said differently, as impedancedecreases, the current draw increases in order to maintain a voltage ata fixed amplitude. The current draw may be measured to provide anelectrical output/signal corresponding to the impedance of the sensingcoil 302 and thus, the position of the moveable core 301. In variousexamples, the current draw required to maintain a fixed amplitudevoltage is linearly proportional to the position of the moveable core301 with respect to the sensing coil 302.

As depicted in FIG. 3 , the example position sensing component 300comprises a feedback control circuit 308. As noted above, as thereluctance/impedance of the sensing coil 302 changes in response tomovement of the moveable core 301, a variable current signal drawn bythe sensing coil 302 will increase in order to maintain a target voltage(i.e., a fixed amplitude voltage). In various examples, the feedbackcontrol circuit 308 may be configured to monitor a variable currentoutput/signal and control the operation of the oscillator circuit 306

In some embodiments, as depicted in FIG. 3 , the position sensingcomponent 300 comprises a health monitoring circuit 310. As depicted inFIG. 3 , the example health monitoring circuit 310 may be configured tomonitor a variable current signal used by the oscillator circuit 306 tomaintain a target voltage (i.e., fixed amplitude voltage). As such, thehealth monitoring circuit 310 may be utilized to monitor outputcharacteristics indicative of the health of the example position sensingcomponent 300. In turn, these output characteristics may be processed toprovide defined ranges for target output values and outside-of-rangevalues associated with the position sensing component 300. For example,in various embodiments, the example health monitoring circuit 310 may beor comprise a comparator circuit configured to generate signalscorresponding to various outside-of-range conditions including, but notlimited to, temperature conditions, high impedance, an open sensingcoil, low impedance, a short sensing coil condition, and/or the like. Byway of example, the oscillator circuit output signal detected by thehealth monitoring circuit 310 may be very high in response to an opensensing coil condition or very low in response to a short sensing coilcondition. In various examples, the health monitoring circuit 310 may beconfigured to provide an oscillator circuit 306 status (e.g.,“High=Active” or “Low=Error”). In some examples, the position sensingcomponent 300 may comprise an ADC configured to convert one or moreoutputs of the position sensing component 300 (e.g., an oscillatorcircuit status output signal) in order to provide a wired or wirelessdigital output (e.g., RS-485, BLE, and/or the like).

While some of the embodiments herein provide an example position sensingcomponent 300 comprising a health monitoring circuit 310, it is notedthat the present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments. Forinstance, in some examples, a position sensing component 300 inaccordance with the present disclosure may not comprise a healthmonitoring circuit 310, or may comprise a different health monitoringcircuit 310.

In some embodiments, as depicted in FIG. 3 , the position sensingcomponent 300 comprises a linearization circuit 303 configured tofurther linearize the electrical signal/output of the oscillator circuit306. As discussed above, while the output of the position sensingcomponent 300 is inherently linear, in some applications, alinearization circuit 303 may be provided (e.g., in order to provideadditional temperature compensation capabilities). In some examples, asdepicted, the linearization circuit 303 may comprise a low pass filtercircuit 312, a reference voltage circuit 314 and an output gainadjustment circuit 316. In some examples, the linearization circuit 303may be utilized to provide additional functionalities (e.g., temperaturecompensation, calibration and/or the like). For example, a lookup tablemay be provided for calibration, temperature compensation and/or thelike.

While some of the embodiments herein provide an example position sensingcomponent 300 comprising a linearization circuit 303, it is noted thatthe present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments. For instance,in some examples, a position sensing component 300 in accordance withthe present disclosure may not comprise a linearization circuit 303. Inother examples, the linearization circuit 303 may comprise otherelements one or more additional and/or alternative elements, and/or maybe structured/positioned differently than that illustrated in FIG. 3 .

Referring now to FIG. 4 , an example schematic circuit diagram depictingat least a portion of an example position sensing component 400 inaccordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure isprovided. The example position sensing component 400 may be similar tothe position sensing component 300 described above in connection withFIG. 3 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the example portion of a position sensingcomponent 400 comprises an oscillator circuit 402, a feedback controlcircuit 404, a health monitoring circuit 406 and a linearization circuit408.

As depicted in FIG. 4 , the example position sensing component 400comprises an oscillator circuit 402 configured to provide an electricaloutput/signal to drive a sensing coil in conjunction with a moveablecore. In various embodiments, the example oscillator circuit 402 mayprovide a variable current signal to drive the sensing coil and moveablecore such that a fixed amplitude voltage across the sensing coil ismaintained. In various examples, the current draw required to maintain afixed amplitude voltage is linearly proportional to the position of themoveable core with respect to the sensing coil. In some examples, asdepicted, the oscillator circuit 402 comprises a modified Colpittsoscillator circuit. However, other types of circuits may be utilized. Inone example, the inductance of the example sensing coil may vary between5 mH and 50 mH in response to a movement of the moveable core. Invarious embodiments, the oscillator frequency may be tuned for aparticular application by adjusting the sensing coil inductance andfixed capacitor values of the oscillator circuit 402.

As depicted in FIG. 4 , the example position sensing component 400comprises a feedback control circuit 404. In various examples, thefeedback control circuit 404 may be configured to receive an oscillatoroutput signal and provide a feedback output signal in return so as tomodulate the output of the oscillator circuit 402. As noted above, asthe reluctance/impedance of the example sensing coil changes in responseto displacement of the moveable core, a variable current signal drawn bythe sensing coil will increase in order to maintain a target voltage(i.e., a fixed amplitude voltage). In various examples, the feedbackcontrol circuit 404 may be configured to monitor a variable currentoutput/signal so as to control the operation of the oscillator circuit402. In turn, a linear output signal corresponding with a displacementof the moveable core with respect to the sensing coil can be obtained.As depicted, the example feedback control circuit 404 uses anoperational amplifier gain to maintain a 10Vp-p oscillation. Forexample, if the feedback control circuit 404 detects that the magnitudeof the oscillator output signal is decreasing, the voltage output of theoperational amplifier may be increased. Conversely, if the feedbackcontrol circuit 404 detects that the magnitude of the oscillator outputsignal is increasing, the voltage output of the operational amplifiermay be decreased. Additionally, as depicted, a diode may be utilized toprevent overshoot of the oscillator output signal.

In some embodiments, as depicted in FIG. 4 , the position sensingcomponent 400 comprises a health monitoring circuit 406. The examplehealth monitoring circuit 406 may be configured to monitor a variablecurrent signal used by the oscillator circuit 402 to maintain a targetvoltage (i.e., fixed amplitude voltage). As such, the health monitoringcircuit 406 may be utilized to monitor output characteristics indicativeof the health of the example position sensing component 400. In turn,these output characteristics may be processed to provide defined outputranges for target output values and outside-of-range output valuesassociated with the position sensing component 400. For example, invarious embodiments, the example health monitoring circuit 406 may be orcomprise a comparator circuit configured to generate signalscorresponding to various outside-of-range conditions including, but notlimited to, temperature conditions, high impedance, an open sensingcoil, low impedance, a short sensing coil condition, and/or the like. Byway of example, the oscillator circuit output signal detected by thehealth monitoring circuit 406 may be very high in response to an opensensing coil condition or very low in response to a short sensing coilcondition. As depicted in FIG. 4 , the health monitoring circuit 406comprises a MOSFET to provide switching capabilities. In variousexamples, as depicted, a decoupling capacitor and diodes operate to pullthe electrical signal to 5V if the oscillator stops working and pull theelectrical signal to approximately 1.8V when operational. In variousembodiments, the health monitoring circuit 406 may be modified toinclude multiple states and/or multiple bits for a plurality ofconditions.

As depicted in FIG. 4 , the position sensing component 400 comprises alinearization circuit 408 configured to further linearize the electricalsignal/output of the oscillator circuit 402. As discussed above, whilethe output of the position sensing component 400 is inherently linear,in some applications, a linearization circuit 408 may be provided (e.g.,in order to provide additional temperature compensation capabilities).In some examples, as depicted, the linearization circuit 408 maycomprise a low-pass filter circuit utilizing a 2-pole filter to smoothan oscillator output signal into a DC voltage signal. In variousembodiments, the linearization circuit 408 may be modified to provideadditional and/or more complex filtering capabilities (e.g., more poles,active filtering, and/or the like). In various examples, as depicted inFIG. 4 , the linearization circuit 408 also comprises an instrumentationamplifier circuit and a reference voltage circuit configured to adjustthe filtered output of the oscillator into a useable 0-5 VDC outputsignal (e.g., for providing information/data).

While some of the embodiments herein provide an schematic circuitdiagram depicting an example position sensing component 400, it is notedthat the present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments. Forinstance, in some examples, position sensing component 400 andcorresponding schematic circuit diagram in accordance with the presentdisclosure may comprise other elements one or more additional and/oralternative elements, and/or may be structured/positioned differentlythan that illustrated in FIG. 4 .

Referring now to FIG. 5 , a schematic diagram depicting an examplecontroller component 500 in electronic communication with a positionsensing component 509 in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure is provided. The position sensing component 509 maybe similar to the position sensing component 300 discussed above inconnection with FIG. 3 . As shown, the controller component 500comprises processing circuitry 501, a communication module 503,input/output module 505, a memory 507 and/or other components configuredto perform various operations, procedures, functions or the likedescribed herein. In some examples, the controller component 500 may beoperatively coupled with the position sensing component or remote fromthe position sensing component 509.

As depicted, the controller component 500 (such as the processingcircuitry 501, communication module 503, input/output module 505 andmemory 507) is electrically coupled to and/or in electroniccommunication with a position sensing component 509. The positionsensing component 509 may exchange (e.g., transmit and receive) data inthe form of electrical signals with the processing circuitry 501 of thecontroller component 500.

The processing circuitry 501 may be implemented as, for example, variousdevices comprising one or a plurality of microprocessors withaccompanying digital signal processors; one or a plurality of processorswithout accompanying digital signal processors; one or a plurality ofcoprocessors; one or a plurality of multi-core processors; one or aplurality of controllers; processing circuits; one or a plurality ofcomputers; and various other processing elements (including integratedcircuits, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) orfield-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or a certain combinationthereof). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 501 may compriseone or more processors. In one exemplary embodiment, the processingcircuitry 501 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory507 or otherwise accessible by the processing circuitry 501. Whenexecuted by the processing circuitry 501, these instructions may enablethe controller component 500 to execute one or a plurality of thefunctions as described herein. Whether it is configured by hardware,firmware/software methods, or a combination thereof, the processingcircuitry 501 may comprise entities capable of executing operationsaccording to the embodiments of the present invention whencorrespondingly configured. Therefore, for example, when the processingcircuitry 501 is implemented as an ASIC, an FPGA, or the like, theprocessing circuitry 501 may comprise specially configured hardware forimplementing one or a plurality of operations described herein.Alternatively, as another example, when the processing circuitry 501 isimplemented as an actuator of instructions (such as those that may bestored in the memory 507), the instructions may specifically configurethe processing circuitry 501 to execute one or a plurality of algorithmsand operations, some of which are described herein.

The memory 507 may comprise, for example, a volatile memory, anon-volatile memory, or a certain combination thereof. Althoughillustrated as a single memory in FIG. 5 , the memory 507 may comprise aplurality of memory components. In various embodiments, the memory 507may comprise, for example, a hard disk drive, a random access memory, acache memory, a flash memory, a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM),a Digital Versatile Disk Read-Only Memory (DVD-ROM), an optical disk, acircuit configured to store information, or a certain combinationthereof. The memory 507 may be configured to store information, data,application programs, instructions, and etc., so that the controllercomponent 500 can execute various functions according to the embodimentsof the present disclosure. For example, in at least some embodiments,the memory 507 is configured to cache input data for processing by theprocessing circuitry 501. Additionally or alternatively, in at leastsome embodiments, the memory 507 is configured to store programinstructions for execution by the processing circuitry 501. The memory507 may store information in the form of static and/or dynamicinformation. When the functions are executed, the stored information maybe stored and/or used by the controller component 500.

The communication module 503 may be implemented as any apparatusincluded in a circuit, hardware, a computer program product or acombination thereof, which is configured to receive and/or transmit datafrom/to another component or apparatus. The computer program productcomprises computer-readable program instructions stored on acomputer-readable medium (for example, the memory 507) and executed by acontroller component 500 (for example, the processing circuitry 501). Insome embodiments, the communication module 503 (as with other componentsdiscussed herein) may be at least partially implemented as theprocessing circuitry 501 or otherwise controlled by the processingcircuitry 501. In this regard, the communication module 503 maycommunicate with the processing circuitry 501, for example, through abus. The communication module 503 may comprise, for example, antennas,transmitters, receivers, transceivers, network interface cards and/orsupporting hardware and/or firmware/software, and is used forestablishing communication with another apparatus. The communicationmodule 503 may be configured to receive and/or transmit any data thatmay be stored by the memory 507 by using any protocol that can be usedfor communication between apparatuses. The communication module 503 mayadditionally or alternatively communicate with the memory 507, theinput/output module 505 and/or any other component of the controllercomponent 500, for example, through a bus.

In some embodiments, the controller component 500 may comprise aninput/output module 505. The input/output module 505 may communicatewith the processing circuitry 501 to receive instructions input by theuser and/or to provide audible, visual, mechanical or other outputs tothe user. Therefore, the input/output module 505 may be in electroniccommunication with supporting devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse, adisplay, a touch screen display, and/or other input/output mechanisms.Alternatively, at least some aspects of the input/output module 505 maybe implemented on a device used by the user to communicate with thecontroller component 500. The input/output module 505 may communicatewith the memory 507, the communication module 503 and/or any othercomponent, for example, through a bus. One or a plurality ofinput/output modules and/or other components may be included in thecontroller component 500. In various examples, the example positionsensing component 509 may generate electrical outputs/signals comprisinginformation/data and transmit electrical outputs/signals to theprocessing circuitry 501. The example position sensing component 509 maygenerate system information and transmit indications (e.g., electricalsignals describing the system information) to the processing circuitry501.

In an example braking system, data/information may include safetywarnings (e.g., indicating that the moveable core is not properlypositioned), system status information (e.g., braking mechanism changeinformation), and/or various other parameters of the system. The exampleposition sensing component 509 may be used in conjunction with anAnalog-to-Digital converter (ADC) and configured to provide a wired orwireless digital output/signal (e.g., RS-485, BLE, and/or the like).

Referring now to FIG. 6 , a graphical representation 600 depictingexperimental results of an example position sensing component inaccordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure isprovided. The example position sensing component may be similar to theposition sensing component 300 described above in connection with FIG. 3above, and elsewhere herein.

As depicted in FIG. 6 , the x-axis represents a position reflecting adisplacement value/distance (inches) of the moveable core with respectto the sensing coil. As depicted, the y-axis represents inductance (mH)of the example sensing coil. As noted above, and as depicted in FIG. 6 ,the inductance of the example sensing coil changes linearly with respectto movement of the moveable coil disposed therein. The inductance valueswith respect to the position of the moveable coil are provided in Table1 below:

TABLE 1 Inductance of sensing coil based on position of moveable corewith respect to sensing coil. Position (inches) Inductance (mH) 0 4.8430.25 5.291 0.5 8.03 0.75 12.326 1 17.207 1.25 22.394 1.5 28.007 1.7531.69 2 36.809 2.25 42.293 2.5 47.608 2.75 53.083 3 58.026

Accordingly, in various embodiments, the example position sensingcomponent provides an electrical signal/output that is linearlyproportional to a position of the moveable core with respect to thesensing coil without the use of permanent magnets.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the present disclosure setforth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which theseembodiments pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in theforegoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is tobe understood that the disclosure are not to be limited to the specificembodiments disclosed and that modifications and other embodiments areintended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.Moreover, although the foregoing descriptions and the associateddrawings describe example embodiments in the context of certain examplecombinations of elements and/or functions, it should be appreciated thatdifferent combinations of elements and/or functions may be provided byalternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appendedclaims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elementsand/or functions than those explicitly described above are alsocontemplated as may be set forth in some of the appended claims.Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

1.-20. (canceled)
 21. A position sensing component comprising: a sensingcoil; a moveable core; an oscillator circuit; and a feedback controlcircuit coupled to the oscillator circuit, wherein the position sensingcomponent is configured to: maintain a fixed amplitude voltage inresponse to a variable current signal provided by the oscillator circuitin conjunction with the feedback control circuit, and generate anoscillator output signal; and a health monitoring circuit configured toprovide an oscillator status output signal, wherein the position sensingcomponent is operatively coupled with a controller component, whereinthe oscillator status output signal is transmitted to the controllercomponent.
 22. The position sensing component of claim 21, wherein theoscillator circuit is configured to provide the variable current signalto drive the sensing coil in conjunction with the moveable core.
 23. Theposition sensing component of claim 22, wherein the oscillator outputsignal is further linearized by passing the oscillator output signalthrough a linearization circuit.
 24. The position sensing component ofclaim 23, wherein the linearization circuit comprises a low-pass filterand an amplifier circuit.
 25. The position sensing component of claim23, wherein the linearization circuit further comprises temperaturecompensation.
 26. The position sensing component of claim 21, whereinthe oscillator circuit comprises a modified Colpitts oscillator.
 27. Theposition sensing component of claim 22, wherein the health monitoringcircuit comprises a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET) switch.
 28. The position sensing component of claim 21, whereinthe position sensing component comprises a DC input or a DC output. 29.The position sensing component of claim 21, wherein the position sensingcomponent comprises an ADC.
 30. A method for measuring a position of amoveable core with respect to a sensing coil of a position sensingcomponent, the method comprising: generating, by an oscillator circuit,an oscillator output signal; and generating, by a health monitoringcircuit, an oscillator status output signal, wherein the positionsensing component is operatively coupled with a controller component,and wherein the oscillator status output signal is transmitted to thecontroller component.
 31. The method according to claim 30, theoscillator circuit configured to provide a variable current signal todrive the sensing coil in conjunction with the moveable core.
 32. Themethod according to claim 31, further comprising: linearizing, by alinearization circuit, the oscillator output signal.
 33. The methodaccording to claim 32, wherein the linearization circuit comprises alow-pass filter and an amplifier circuit.
 34. The method according toclaim 33, wherein the linearization circuit further comprisestemperature compensation.
 35. The method according to claim 31, whereinthe oscillator circuit comprises a modified Colpitts oscillator.
 36. Themethod according to claim 31, wherein the health monitoring circuitcomprises a MOSFET switch.
 37. The method of claim 31, wherein theposition sensing component comprises a DC input or output.
 38. Themethod according to claim 31, wherein the position sensing componentcomprises an ADC.